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tonebp  (Santa Cruz Biotechnology)


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    Structured Review

    Santa Cruz Biotechnology tonebp
    Tonebp, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 98 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/nfat5/NFAT5+Antibody/pmc12933830-167-28-30
    Average 93 stars, based on 98 article reviews
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    Images

    Related Articles

    Immunofluorescence:

    Article Title: Regulation of Microtubule Stability in Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis: Qingyi Decoction is a Potential CDK5 Inhibitor
    Article Snippet: .. Antibodies against immunofluorescence CDK5 (CAT# 14145) and Acetyl-alpha-Tubulin (CAT#35652) were purchased from CST (USA); NFAT5 (CAT# sc-398171) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA); rhodamine-labeled ghost pen cyclic peptides (TRITC Phalloidin, CAT# BL1189A) was purchased from Biosharp (Hefei, China). .. Rat tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, Cat#F3768) and interleukin-6 (IL-6, Cat#F15870) were obtained from Xitang Biotechnology (Shanghai, China).

    Article Title: Regulation of Microtubule Stability in Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis: Qingyi Decoction is a Potential CDK5 Inhibitor
    Article Snippet: .. Antibodies against immunofluorescence CDK5 (CAT# 14145) and Acetyl-alpha-Tubulin (CAT#35652) were purchased from CST (USA); NFAT5 (CAT# sc-398171) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA); rhodamine-labeled ghost pen cyclic peptides (TRITC Phalloidin, CAT# BL1189A) was purchased from Biosharp (Hefei, China). .. Rat tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, Cat#F3768) and interleukin-6 (IL-6, Cat#F15870) were obtained from Xitang Biotechnology (Shanghai, China).

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Heme Oxygenase-1 Suppresses Wnt Signaling Pathway in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-Related Liver Fibrosis
    Article Snippet: 80 μ g/well proteins were loaded onto 10% SDS-PAGE for each sample, and proteins were transferred onto equilibrated polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) by electroblotting. .. Membranes were blocked with TBST containing 5% milk and incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against HO-1 (Bioworld Tech, LP, USA), Wnt1 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), Wnt5a (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, USA), β -catenin, GSK-3 β , phospho-GSK-3 β (Ser9) (ProteinTech Group, Chicago, USA), and NFAT5 (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). .. After incubation with the secondary antibody (ProteinTech), proteins expression was corrected by the amount of β -actin (ProteinTech) in the same sample.

    Article Title: MicroRNA-20b carried by mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles protects alveolar epithelial type II cells from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in vitro.
    Article Snippet: Cells were lysed in mammalian protein extraction reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and the lysates were loaded into micro-centrifuge tubes and centrifuged at 14,000 g for 10 min. Next, 30 μg protein extracts was boiled with 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediole (×4) (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical) in sample buffer and boiled at 100 ◦C for 5 min. After that, the protein sample was run on 7% Mini-PROTEAN TGX to dissolve the gel (Bio-Rad Inc., Hercules, CA, USA) and transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA, USA). .. After being blocked in 5% non-fat milk for 1 h, the membranes were incubated with primary antibodies against GM130 (sc-55590, 1:2000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), TSG101 (ab83, 1:1000, Abcam Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA), CD81 (349502, 1:1500, BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA), NFAT5 (sc-101098, 1:1000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), NF-κB (ab210924, 1:1000, Abcam), MyD88 (NBP-27369,1:1200, Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA) and GAPDH (ab8245, 1:5000, Abcam) at K. Yan et al. ..

    Article Title: NCOR1 maintains the homeostasis of vascular smooth muscle cells and protects against aortic aneurysm.
    Article Snippet: Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm (AA).. The function of nuclear receptor corepressor1 (NCOR1) in regulation of VSMC phenotype and AA is unclear.. Herein, using smooth muscle NCOR1 knockout mice, we demonstrated that smooth muscle NCOR1 deficiency decreased both mRNA and protein levels of contractile genes, impaired stress fibers formation and RhoA pathway activation, reduced synthesis of elastin and collagens, and induced the expression and activity of MMPs, manifesting a switch from contractile to degradative phenotype of VSMCs.

    Chromatin Immunoprecipitation:

    Article Title: The transcription factor NFAT5 limits infection-induced type I interferon responses
    Article Snippet: Samples were then incubated with 6 ng/μl RNase (Roche) for 30 min at 37°C, incubated for 1 h at 50°C after adding 350 μg/ml of Proteinase K (Roche), and DNA was purified by ethanol precipitation. .. Antibodies used for ChIP were the following: NFAT5 was detected using a mixture of two rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the amino-terminal region and the DBD region , and preimmune serum served as control; anti-IRF3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc-9082); anti-p65 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc-372); anti-histone H4 (Diagenode, Cat# C15410156-50); anti–acetyl-histone H4 (Millipore, Cat# 06–866), and rabbit IgG (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc-2027). ..

    Control:

    Article Title: The transcription factor NFAT5 limits infection-induced type I interferon responses
    Article Snippet: Samples were then incubated with 6 ng/μl RNase (Roche) for 30 min at 37°C, incubated for 1 h at 50°C after adding 350 μg/ml of Proteinase K (Roche), and DNA was purified by ethanol precipitation. .. Antibodies used for ChIP were the following: NFAT5 was detected using a mixture of two rabbit polyclonal antibodies to the amino-terminal region and the DBD region , and preimmune serum served as control; anti-IRF3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc-9082); anti-p65 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc-372); anti-histone H4 (Diagenode, Cat# C15410156-50); anti–acetyl-histone H4 (Millipore, Cat# 06–866), and rabbit IgG (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc-2027). ..

    Immunoprecipitation:

    Article Title: NCOR1 maintains the homeostasis of vascular smooth muscle cells and protects against aortic aneurysm.
    Article Snippet: Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm (AA).. The function of nuclear receptor corepressor1 (NCOR1) in regulation of VSMC phenotype and AA is unclear.. Herein, using smooth muscle NCOR1 knockout mice, we demonstrated that smooth muscle NCOR1 deficiency decreased both mRNA and protein levels of contractile genes, impaired stress fibers formation and RhoA pathway activation, reduced synthesis of elastin and collagens, and induced the expression and activity of MMPs, manifesting a switch from contractile to degradative phenotype of VSMCs.

    Magnetic Beads:

    Article Title: NCOR1 maintains the homeostasis of vascular smooth muscle cells and protects against aortic aneurysm.
    Article Snippet: Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm (AA).. The function of nuclear receptor corepressor1 (NCOR1) in regulation of VSMC phenotype and AA is unclear.. Herein, using smooth muscle NCOR1 knockout mice, we demonstrated that smooth muscle NCOR1 deficiency decreased both mRNA and protein levels of contractile genes, impaired stress fibers formation and RhoA pathway activation, reduced synthesis of elastin and collagens, and induced the expression and activity of MMPs, manifesting a switch from contractile to degradative phenotype of VSMCs.



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    A Immunoblots of total Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), pACC-S79/221, and <t>NFAT5</t> in CD cells transfected with si Nfat5 vs siCtrl treated with NaCl or control n = independent biologic replicates. B Immunofluorescence of BODIPY-stained lipid droplets in CD cells treated with siCtrl or si Nfat5 +/− NaCl n = images analyzed from three independent experiments. C Cleavage Under targets & Tagmentation (CUT&TAG) of kidney collecting duct (CD) cells under isotonic and hypertonic conditions, showing NFAT5 occupancy in the promoter region of genes associated to lipid synthesis and/or elongation, H3K27ac (positive control), and H3K27me3 (negative control). y-axis denotes reads per genomic content (RPGC). D Urine osmolality, kidney lysate triglycerides, and Nfat5 mRNA in NFAT5 heterozygous KO mice vs controls after water restriction. E Net enrichment score for gene sets associated to lipid synthesis in NFAT5 kidney tubule KO mice vs WT animals after pairwise comparison analysis. Data in ( A , B ) presented as mean +/− SD, analyzed with two-way ANOVA with NaCl and siRNA as the independent variables. P < 0.0001for the interaction, n as noted in figure. Data in ( D ) presented as mean +/− SD analyzed with a two-tailed Student’s t test. n as indicated in each panel. CD – Kidney collecting duct cells. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. https://BioRender.com/1vm1hyd .
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    Relative expression levels of Vangl2 and p-Smad2/3 in BFs ( a ) and SMCs ( b ) treated with TGF-β1 with or without siVangl2 by western blotting ( n = 3). Interaction between endogenous TβR1 and Vangl2 in BFs ( c ) and SMCs ( d ). e Confocal microscopy analysis of BFs and SMCs showing the colocalization of Vangl2 (green) and TβR1 (red). Scale bar = 20 μm. Quantification of colocalization was determined by ImageJ software in five randomly chosen fields. Numbers in the images correspond to the average Pearson’s correlation coefficient ± SD. Representative western blotting and quantitative analyses for the phosphorylation levels of JNK and c-JUN in BFs ( f ) and SMCs ( g ). ( n = 3). h Heat map showing differentially expressed genes in the NT signaling pathway based on RNA-seq data in TGF-β1-stimulated BFs with or without siVangl2 ( n = 3). i Representative western blotting analyses for total and intranuclear <t>NFAT5</t> in BFs treated with SP600125. j Representative western blotting showing <t>KRN5</t> inhibiting the phosphorylation level of Smad2/3 in BFs with TGF-β1 treatment. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated that NFAT5 bound to JNK ( k ) and Smad2/3 ( l ) in BFs. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. P values were determined by the two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test ( a , b , f , g ), * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001.
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    Increased expression of <t>NFAT5</t> in microglia after OGD/R and MCAO modeling. (A) Schematic of three cell lines undergoing OGD/R modeling. BV2, mouse microglia cell line; MA, mouse astrocyte cell line; HT22, mouse hippocampal neuron cell line. (B) Western blots for NFAT5 in BV2, MA, and HT22 cell lines after OGD/R modeling ( n = 3). (C) The NFAT5 protein level in the nuclei and cytoplasm of BV2 cells was detected by western blotting ( n = 3). (D) Representative immunofluorescence images of NFAT5 in BV2 cells (bar = 25 μm). (E) The overlap coefficient of DAPI and NFAT5 in BV2 cells ( n = 3). (F, G) Immunofluorescence for NFAT5 in microglia from peri-infarct brain tissues of mice (bar = 50 μm). Iba-1 was marked in green for microglia, and NFAT5 was marked in red. The cells indicated by the white arrows were microglia. Scale bar in magnified view: 10 μm. The data were presented as mean with standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.
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    Increased expression of <t>NFAT5</t> in microglia after OGD/R and MCAO modeling. (A) Schematic of three cell lines undergoing OGD/R modeling. BV2, mouse microglia cell line; MA, mouse astrocyte cell line; HT22, mouse hippocampal neuron cell line. (B) Western blots for NFAT5 in BV2, MA, and HT22 cell lines after OGD/R modeling ( n = 3). (C) The NFAT5 protein level in the nuclei and cytoplasm of BV2 cells was detected by western blotting ( n = 3). (D) Representative immunofluorescence images of NFAT5 in BV2 cells (bar = 25 μm). (E) The overlap coefficient of DAPI and NFAT5 in BV2 cells ( n = 3). (F, G) Immunofluorescence for NFAT5 in microglia from peri-infarct brain tissues of mice (bar = 50 μm). Iba-1 was marked in green for microglia, and NFAT5 was marked in red. The cells indicated by the white arrows were microglia. Scale bar in magnified view: 10 μm. The data were presented as mean with standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.
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    Image Search Results


    A Immunoblots of total Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), pACC-S79/221, and NFAT5 in CD cells transfected with si Nfat5 vs siCtrl treated with NaCl or control n = independent biologic replicates. B Immunofluorescence of BODIPY-stained lipid droplets in CD cells treated with siCtrl or si Nfat5 +/− NaCl n = images analyzed from three independent experiments. C Cleavage Under targets & Tagmentation (CUT&TAG) of kidney collecting duct (CD) cells under isotonic and hypertonic conditions, showing NFAT5 occupancy in the promoter region of genes associated to lipid synthesis and/or elongation, H3K27ac (positive control), and H3K27me3 (negative control). y-axis denotes reads per genomic content (RPGC). D Urine osmolality, kidney lysate triglycerides, and Nfat5 mRNA in NFAT5 heterozygous KO mice vs controls after water restriction. E Net enrichment score for gene sets associated to lipid synthesis in NFAT5 kidney tubule KO mice vs WT animals after pairwise comparison analysis. Data in ( A , B ) presented as mean +/− SD, analyzed with two-way ANOVA with NaCl and siRNA as the independent variables. P < 0.0001for the interaction, n as noted in figure. Data in ( D ) presented as mean +/− SD analyzed with a two-tailed Student’s t test. n as indicated in each panel. CD – Kidney collecting duct cells. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. https://BioRender.com/1vm1hyd .

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: Dehydration promotes intracellular lipid synthesis and accumulation

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-73534-x

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A Immunoblots of total Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), pACC-S79/221, and NFAT5 in CD cells transfected with si Nfat5 vs siCtrl treated with NaCl or control n = independent biologic replicates. B Immunofluorescence of BODIPY-stained lipid droplets in CD cells treated with siCtrl or si Nfat5 +/− NaCl n = images analyzed from three independent experiments. C Cleavage Under targets & Tagmentation (CUT&TAG) of kidney collecting duct (CD) cells under isotonic and hypertonic conditions, showing NFAT5 occupancy in the promoter region of genes associated to lipid synthesis and/or elongation, H3K27ac (positive control), and H3K27me3 (negative control). y-axis denotes reads per genomic content (RPGC). D Urine osmolality, kidney lysate triglycerides, and Nfat5 mRNA in NFAT5 heterozygous KO mice vs controls after water restriction. E Net enrichment score for gene sets associated to lipid synthesis in NFAT5 kidney tubule KO mice vs WT animals after pairwise comparison analysis. Data in ( A , B ) presented as mean +/− SD, analyzed with two-way ANOVA with NaCl and siRNA as the independent variables. P < 0.0001for the interaction, n as noted in figure. Data in ( D ) presented as mean +/− SD analyzed with a two-tailed Student’s t test. n as indicated in each panel. CD – Kidney collecting duct cells. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. https://BioRender.com/1vm1hyd .

    Article Snippet: 1 μg of NFAT5 (Bethyl, Rb pAb, A305-174A), H3K27ac (Active motif, Ms mAb, 39685), or H3K27me3 (Active motif, Rb pAb, 39155) antibodies were added to each reaction and incubated overnight with orbital mixing at 4 o C. Reactions were washed with Digitonin150 buffer (final concentrations: Wash150 buffer, 100xPI, 0.05% digitonin) three times.

    Techniques: Western Blot, Transfection, Control, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Positive Control, Negative Control, Comparison, Two Tailed Test

    Relative expression levels of Vangl2 and p-Smad2/3 in BFs ( a ) and SMCs ( b ) treated with TGF-β1 with or without siVangl2 by western blotting ( n = 3). Interaction between endogenous TβR1 and Vangl2 in BFs ( c ) and SMCs ( d ). e Confocal microscopy analysis of BFs and SMCs showing the colocalization of Vangl2 (green) and TβR1 (red). Scale bar = 20 μm. Quantification of colocalization was determined by ImageJ software in five randomly chosen fields. Numbers in the images correspond to the average Pearson’s correlation coefficient ± SD. Representative western blotting and quantitative analyses for the phosphorylation levels of JNK and c-JUN in BFs ( f ) and SMCs ( g ). ( n = 3). h Heat map showing differentially expressed genes in the NT signaling pathway based on RNA-seq data in TGF-β1-stimulated BFs with or without siVangl2 ( n = 3). i Representative western blotting analyses for total and intranuclear NFAT5 in BFs treated with SP600125. j Representative western blotting showing KRN5 inhibiting the phosphorylation level of Smad2/3 in BFs with TGF-β1 treatment. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated that NFAT5 bound to JNK ( k ) and Smad2/3 ( l ) in BFs. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. P values were determined by the two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test ( a , b , f , g ), * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001.

    Journal: Communications Biology

    Article Title: Wnt11 mediates fibroblast–smooth muscle cell interaction to promote neurogenic bladder fibrosis in rats

    doi: 10.1038/s42003-026-09647-2

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative expression levels of Vangl2 and p-Smad2/3 in BFs ( a ) and SMCs ( b ) treated with TGF-β1 with or without siVangl2 by western blotting ( n = 3). Interaction between endogenous TβR1 and Vangl2 in BFs ( c ) and SMCs ( d ). e Confocal microscopy analysis of BFs and SMCs showing the colocalization of Vangl2 (green) and TβR1 (red). Scale bar = 20 μm. Quantification of colocalization was determined by ImageJ software in five randomly chosen fields. Numbers in the images correspond to the average Pearson’s correlation coefficient ± SD. Representative western blotting and quantitative analyses for the phosphorylation levels of JNK and c-JUN in BFs ( f ) and SMCs ( g ). ( n = 3). h Heat map showing differentially expressed genes in the NT signaling pathway based on RNA-seq data in TGF-β1-stimulated BFs with or without siVangl2 ( n = 3). i Representative western blotting analyses for total and intranuclear NFAT5 in BFs treated with SP600125. j Representative western blotting showing KRN5 inhibiting the phosphorylation level of Smad2/3 in BFs with TGF-β1 treatment. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated that NFAT5 bound to JNK ( k ) and Smad2/3 ( l ) in BFs. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. P values were determined by the two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test ( a , b , f , g ), * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: For pharmacologic inhibition of TGF-β1-dependent pathways and WNT11-mediated planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, cells were incubated with JNK inhibitor SP600125 (20 μM, #HY-12041, MedChemExpress), NFAT5 inhibitor KRN5 (1 μM, #HY-112126, MedChemExpress), p38 inhibitor SB202190 (10 μM, #HY-10295, MedChemExpress), Rock inhibitor Y27632 (5 μM, #HY-10071, MedChemExpress), Rac inhibitor NSC23766 (200 μM, #HY-15723, MedChemExpress), Smad2/3 inhibitor TP0427736 (20 nM, #HY-118528, MedChemExpress), and TβR1 inhibitor PF06952229 (10 μM, #HY-136244, MedChemExpress) for 24 h after incubation of serum-free medium for 24 h.

    Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Confocal Microscopy, Software, Phospho-proteomics, RNA Sequencing, Immunoprecipitation

    Increased expression of NFAT5 in microglia after OGD/R and MCAO modeling. (A) Schematic of three cell lines undergoing OGD/R modeling. BV2, mouse microglia cell line; MA, mouse astrocyte cell line; HT22, mouse hippocampal neuron cell line. (B) Western blots for NFAT5 in BV2, MA, and HT22 cell lines after OGD/R modeling ( n = 3). (C) The NFAT5 protein level in the nuclei and cytoplasm of BV2 cells was detected by western blotting ( n = 3). (D) Representative immunofluorescence images of NFAT5 in BV2 cells (bar = 25 μm). (E) The overlap coefficient of DAPI and NFAT5 in BV2 cells ( n = 3). (F, G) Immunofluorescence for NFAT5 in microglia from peri-infarct brain tissues of mice (bar = 50 μm). Iba-1 was marked in green for microglia, and NFAT5 was marked in red. The cells indicated by the white arrows were microglia. Scale bar in magnified view: 10 μm. The data were presented as mean with standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

    Journal: Genes & Diseases

    Article Title: Microglial NFAT5 aggravates neuroinflammation via mediating NLRP6 inflammasome in experimental ischemic stroke

    doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101614

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased expression of NFAT5 in microglia after OGD/R and MCAO modeling. (A) Schematic of three cell lines undergoing OGD/R modeling. BV2, mouse microglia cell line; MA, mouse astrocyte cell line; HT22, mouse hippocampal neuron cell line. (B) Western blots for NFAT5 in BV2, MA, and HT22 cell lines after OGD/R modeling ( n = 3). (C) The NFAT5 protein level in the nuclei and cytoplasm of BV2 cells was detected by western blotting ( n = 3). (D) Representative immunofluorescence images of NFAT5 in BV2 cells (bar = 25 μm). (E) The overlap coefficient of DAPI and NFAT5 in BV2 cells ( n = 3). (F, G) Immunofluorescence for NFAT5 in microglia from peri-infarct brain tissues of mice (bar = 50 μm). Iba-1 was marked in green for microglia, and NFAT5 was marked in red. The cells indicated by the white arrows were microglia. Scale bar in magnified view: 10 μm. The data were presented as mean with standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: Next, we obtained BV2 cells with stable NFAT5 knockdown by 2 μg/mL puromycin (MCE, USA) treatment.

    Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Standard Deviation

    Rescue of MCAO-induced cerebral infarction and neurological deficits in mice through microglial NFAT5 interference. (A) Design of adeno-associated virus (AAV) to knock down microglial NFAT5. (B, C) Representative immunofluorescence images depicting Iba-1 (in pink) and NFAT5 (in red) (B) and quantification of NFAT5 fluorescence intensity in Iba-1 positive cells (C). The AAV expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The infected microglia were delineated with circular and square annotations. The magnified view focused on the microglia within the square annotation. Scale bar: 50 μm. Scale bar in magnified view: 5 μm. The data were presented as mean with standard deviation ( n = 3). (D, G) Representative images and quantification of magnetic resonance imaging data. The data were presented as median ( n = 5). (E, F) Maximum and mean mouse limb grip strength ( n = 12). The data were presented as mean with standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

    Journal: Genes & Diseases

    Article Title: Microglial NFAT5 aggravates neuroinflammation via mediating NLRP6 inflammasome in experimental ischemic stroke

    doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101614

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Rescue of MCAO-induced cerebral infarction and neurological deficits in mice through microglial NFAT5 interference. (A) Design of adeno-associated virus (AAV) to knock down microglial NFAT5. (B, C) Representative immunofluorescence images depicting Iba-1 (in pink) and NFAT5 (in red) (B) and quantification of NFAT5 fluorescence intensity in Iba-1 positive cells (C). The AAV expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The infected microglia were delineated with circular and square annotations. The magnified view focused on the microglia within the square annotation. Scale bar: 50 μm. Scale bar in magnified view: 5 μm. The data were presented as mean with standard deviation ( n = 3). (D, G) Representative images and quantification of magnetic resonance imaging data. The data were presented as median ( n = 5). (E, F) Maximum and mean mouse limb grip strength ( n = 12). The data were presented as mean with standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: Next, we obtained BV2 cells with stable NFAT5 knockdown by 2 μg/mL puromycin (MCE, USA) treatment.

    Techniques: Virus, Knockdown, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Infection, Standard Deviation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging

    Microglial NFAT5 knockdown mitigates MCAO-induced brain morphological damage and apoptosis. (A) Representative images of hematoxylin-eosin staining in the hippocampus and cortex of mice. Scale bar: 50 μm ( n = 3). (B – D) Representative images of Nissel staining (D) and quantification of Nissel-positive cells in the hippocampus (B) and cortex (C). Scale bar: 50 μm. The data were presented as mean with standard deviation ( n = 3). (E, F) Representative TUNEL assay images in cortical brain tissue regions (F) and quantification of TUNEL-positive cells per 0.1 mm 2 (E). TUNEL staining is shown in green, and nuclei are labeled in blue ( n = 3). Scale bar: 50 μm. (G – I) Western blotting analysis of Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels ( n = 3). Data presented as means with standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

    Journal: Genes & Diseases

    Article Title: Microglial NFAT5 aggravates neuroinflammation via mediating NLRP6 inflammasome in experimental ischemic stroke

    doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101614

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Microglial NFAT5 knockdown mitigates MCAO-induced brain morphological damage and apoptosis. (A) Representative images of hematoxylin-eosin staining in the hippocampus and cortex of mice. Scale bar: 50 μm ( n = 3). (B – D) Representative images of Nissel staining (D) and quantification of Nissel-positive cells in the hippocampus (B) and cortex (C). Scale bar: 50 μm. The data were presented as mean with standard deviation ( n = 3). (E, F) Representative TUNEL assay images in cortical brain tissue regions (F) and quantification of TUNEL-positive cells per 0.1 mm 2 (E). TUNEL staining is shown in green, and nuclei are labeled in blue ( n = 3). Scale bar: 50 μm. (G – I) Western blotting analysis of Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels ( n = 3). Data presented as means with standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: Next, we obtained BV2 cells with stable NFAT5 knockdown by 2 μg/mL puromycin (MCE, USA) treatment.

    Techniques: Knockdown, Staining, Standard Deviation, TUNEL Assay, Labeling, Western Blot, Expressing

    Microglial NFAT5 silencing attenuates neuronal apoptosis in OGD/R model. (A) Schematic representation of BV2 (mouse microglia cell line) conditioned medium treatment on HT22 (mouse hippocampal neuron cell line). (B) A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was used to detect the released LDH in HT22 medium ( n = 8–12). ( C ) CCK-8 assay was used to measure the cell survival rate of HT22 ( n = 9). (D, E) Representative images and quantification of flow cytometry illustrating the percentage of annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI)-labeled HT22 cells ( n = 3). (F–I) Representative immunofluorescence images of Bcl-2 (F) and Bax (H) and quantification of fluorescence intensity for Bcl-2 (G) and Bax (I) in HT22 cells ( n = 3). Scale bar: 25 μm. The data were presented as mean with standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

    Journal: Genes & Diseases

    Article Title: Microglial NFAT5 aggravates neuroinflammation via mediating NLRP6 inflammasome in experimental ischemic stroke

    doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101614

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Microglial NFAT5 silencing attenuates neuronal apoptosis in OGD/R model. (A) Schematic representation of BV2 (mouse microglia cell line) conditioned medium treatment on HT22 (mouse hippocampal neuron cell line). (B) A lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was used to detect the released LDH in HT22 medium ( n = 8–12). ( C ) CCK-8 assay was used to measure the cell survival rate of HT22 ( n = 9). (D, E) Representative images and quantification of flow cytometry illustrating the percentage of annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI)-labeled HT22 cells ( n = 3). (F–I) Representative immunofluorescence images of Bcl-2 (F) and Bax (H) and quantification of fluorescence intensity for Bcl-2 (G) and Bax (I) in HT22 cells ( n = 3). Scale bar: 25 μm. The data were presented as mean with standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: Next, we obtained BV2 cells with stable NFAT5 knockdown by 2 μg/mL puromycin (MCE, USA) treatment.

    Techniques: Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay, CCK-8 Assay, Flow Cytometry, Labeling, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Standard Deviation

    NFAT5 inhibition ameliorates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and NLRP6 inflammasome activation in MCAO model. (A – E) Western blotting analysis of pro-inflammatory factor protein levels (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) in brain tissues (A), with protein levels normalized to the sham group (B–E) ( n = 3). (F, G) Representative immunofluorescence images of Iba-1 (F) and quantification of Iba-1-positive cells (G) in brain sections ( n = 3). Scale bar: 50 μm. (H, I) Representative immunofluorescence images of MPO (H) and quantification of MPO-positive cells (I) in brain sections ( n = 3). Scale bar: 40 μm. (J – N) Western blotting analysis was applied for NLRP6, ASC, pro-caspase-1, and cleaved-caspase-1 in brain tissue and the protein levels were normalized to the sham group ( n = 3). (O) Quantification of microglial morphology ( n = 3). The data were presented as mean with standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns, no statistical significance.

    Journal: Genes & Diseases

    Article Title: Microglial NFAT5 aggravates neuroinflammation via mediating NLRP6 inflammasome in experimental ischemic stroke

    doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101614

    Figure Lengend Snippet: NFAT5 inhibition ameliorates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and NLRP6 inflammasome activation in MCAO model. (A – E) Western blotting analysis of pro-inflammatory factor protein levels (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) in brain tissues (A), with protein levels normalized to the sham group (B–E) ( n = 3). (F, G) Representative immunofluorescence images of Iba-1 (F) and quantification of Iba-1-positive cells (G) in brain sections ( n = 3). Scale bar: 50 μm. (H, I) Representative immunofluorescence images of MPO (H) and quantification of MPO-positive cells (I) in brain sections ( n = 3). Scale bar: 40 μm. (J – N) Western blotting analysis was applied for NLRP6, ASC, pro-caspase-1, and cleaved-caspase-1 in brain tissue and the protein levels were normalized to the sham group ( n = 3). (O) Quantification of microglial morphology ( n = 3). The data were presented as mean with standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns, no statistical significance.

    Article Snippet: Next, we obtained BV2 cells with stable NFAT5 knockdown by 2 μg/mL puromycin (MCE, USA) treatment.

    Techniques: Inhibition, Activation Assay, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Standard Deviation

    NFAT5 silencing suppresses inflammatory response and NLRP6 inflammasome activation in OGD/R Model. (A – F) Western blotting analysis of NFAT5, pro-IL-1β, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 protein levels in BV2 cells (A), with the protein levels normalized to the sh-NC control group (B–F) ( n = 3). (G – I) ELISA measurement of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 concentrations in BV2 cell culture medium ( n = 3). (K–N) Western blotting analysis was performed for NLRP6, pro-caspase-1, and cleaved-caspase-1 in BV2 cells, with the protein levels normalized to the sh-NC control group ( n = 3). (J) The Nlrp6 mRNA level in BV2 cells was detected by quantitative PCR ( n = 3). The data were presented as mean with standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns, no statistical significance.

    Journal: Genes & Diseases

    Article Title: Microglial NFAT5 aggravates neuroinflammation via mediating NLRP6 inflammasome in experimental ischemic stroke

    doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101614

    Figure Lengend Snippet: NFAT5 silencing suppresses inflammatory response and NLRP6 inflammasome activation in OGD/R Model. (A – F) Western blotting analysis of NFAT5, pro-IL-1β, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 protein levels in BV2 cells (A), with the protein levels normalized to the sh-NC control group (B–F) ( n = 3). (G – I) ELISA measurement of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 concentrations in BV2 cell culture medium ( n = 3). (K–N) Western blotting analysis was performed for NLRP6, pro-caspase-1, and cleaved-caspase-1 in BV2 cells, with the protein levels normalized to the sh-NC control group ( n = 3). (J) The Nlrp6 mRNA level in BV2 cells was detected by quantitative PCR ( n = 3). The data were presented as mean with standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns, no statistical significance.

    Article Snippet: Next, we obtained BV2 cells with stable NFAT5 knockdown by 2 μg/mL puromycin (MCE, USA) treatment.

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Western Blot, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cell Culture, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Standard Deviation

    NFAT5 is a transcription factor for the Nlrp6 promoter. (A) The diagram illustrating the predicted binding sites of NFAT5 on the Nlrp6 promoter. (B, C) Dual luciferase reporter assay of pGL4.10- Nlrp6 promoter after co-transfection with NFAT5 overexpressing (NFAT5) or control vector (TR) in N2A and 293T cell lines ( n = 8). (D) Construction of two Nlrp6 promoter fragments (P1 and P2) and a mutant of the Nlrp6 promoter. (E) Dual luciferase reporter assay of pGL4.10- Nlrp6 promoter (full length) or pGL4.10- Nlrp6 promoter fragments after co-transfection with NFAT5 overexpressing (NFAT5) or control vector (TR) into 293T cell line ( n = 4). (F) Dual luciferase reporter assay of pGL4.10- Nlrp6 promoter (full length) or pGL4.10- Nlrp6 promoter mutant after co-transfection with NFAT5-overexpressing (NFAT5) or control vector (TR) into 293T cell line ( n = 4). (G) The schematic depicting the positions of the Nlrp6 promoter probe for chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR/PCR. (H, I) Chromatin immunoprecipitation with NFAT5 antibody in BV2 cells was analyzed by PCR ( n = 3) (H) and quantitative PCR ( n = 3) (I). H3 represents the positive control group, and IgG represents the negative control. The data were presented as mean with standard deviation. ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns, no statistical significance.

    Journal: Genes & Diseases

    Article Title: Microglial NFAT5 aggravates neuroinflammation via mediating NLRP6 inflammasome in experimental ischemic stroke

    doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101614

    Figure Lengend Snippet: NFAT5 is a transcription factor for the Nlrp6 promoter. (A) The diagram illustrating the predicted binding sites of NFAT5 on the Nlrp6 promoter. (B, C) Dual luciferase reporter assay of pGL4.10- Nlrp6 promoter after co-transfection with NFAT5 overexpressing (NFAT5) or control vector (TR) in N2A and 293T cell lines ( n = 8). (D) Construction of two Nlrp6 promoter fragments (P1 and P2) and a mutant of the Nlrp6 promoter. (E) Dual luciferase reporter assay of pGL4.10- Nlrp6 promoter (full length) or pGL4.10- Nlrp6 promoter fragments after co-transfection with NFAT5 overexpressing (NFAT5) or control vector (TR) into 293T cell line ( n = 4). (F) Dual luciferase reporter assay of pGL4.10- Nlrp6 promoter (full length) or pGL4.10- Nlrp6 promoter mutant after co-transfection with NFAT5-overexpressing (NFAT5) or control vector (TR) into 293T cell line ( n = 4). (G) The schematic depicting the positions of the Nlrp6 promoter probe for chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR/PCR. (H, I) Chromatin immunoprecipitation with NFAT5 antibody in BV2 cells was analyzed by PCR ( n = 3) (H) and quantitative PCR ( n = 3) (I). H3 represents the positive control group, and IgG represents the negative control. The data were presented as mean with standard deviation. ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ns, no statistical significance.

    Article Snippet: Next, we obtained BV2 cells with stable NFAT5 knockdown by 2 μg/mL puromycin (MCE, USA) treatment.

    Techniques: Binding Assay, Luciferase, Reporter Assay, Cotransfection, Control, Plasmid Preparation, Mutagenesis, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Positive Control, Negative Control, Standard Deviation

    NFAT5 regulates NLRP6 mRNA stability through the Nlrp6 5′UTR. (A) Relative expression of Nlrp6 mRNA in wild-type BV2 cell line after OGD/R modeling and actinomycin D (Act D) treatment for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h ( n = 3). ( B ) Relative expression of Nlrp6 mRNA in sh-NC and sh-NFAT5 BV2 cell lines after OGD/R modeling and Act D treatment for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h ( n = 3). ( C ) Construction of pGL-promoter Nlrp6 5′UTR plasmid containing the mouse Nlrp6 5′UTR region for dual-luciferase reporter assay. (D – F) Relative luciferase activity of pGL-promoter or pGL-promoter Nlrp6 5′UTR after co-transfection with NFAT5-overexpressing (NFAT5) or control vector (TR) into the 293T cell line. Relative luciferase activity was determined and normalized to Renilla reference luciferase activity ( n = 3). (G) Construction of pGL-promoter Nlrp6 3′UTR plasmid containing the mouse Nlrp6 3′-UTR region for dual-luciferase reporter assay. (H – J) Relative luciferase activity of pGL-promoter or pGL-promoter Nlrp6 3′UTR after co-transfection with NFAT5 overexpressing (NFAT5) or control vector (TR) into the 293T cell line ( n = 3). The relative luciferase activity was determined and normalized to Renilla reference luciferase activity. The data were presented as mean with standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ns, no statistical significance.

    Journal: Genes & Diseases

    Article Title: Microglial NFAT5 aggravates neuroinflammation via mediating NLRP6 inflammasome in experimental ischemic stroke

    doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101614

    Figure Lengend Snippet: NFAT5 regulates NLRP6 mRNA stability through the Nlrp6 5′UTR. (A) Relative expression of Nlrp6 mRNA in wild-type BV2 cell line after OGD/R modeling and actinomycin D (Act D) treatment for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h ( n = 3). ( B ) Relative expression of Nlrp6 mRNA in sh-NC and sh-NFAT5 BV2 cell lines after OGD/R modeling and Act D treatment for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h ( n = 3). ( C ) Construction of pGL-promoter Nlrp6 5′UTR plasmid containing the mouse Nlrp6 5′UTR region for dual-luciferase reporter assay. (D – F) Relative luciferase activity of pGL-promoter or pGL-promoter Nlrp6 5′UTR after co-transfection with NFAT5-overexpressing (NFAT5) or control vector (TR) into the 293T cell line. Relative luciferase activity was determined and normalized to Renilla reference luciferase activity ( n = 3). (G) Construction of pGL-promoter Nlrp6 3′UTR plasmid containing the mouse Nlrp6 3′-UTR region for dual-luciferase reporter assay. (H – J) Relative luciferase activity of pGL-promoter or pGL-promoter Nlrp6 3′UTR after co-transfection with NFAT5 overexpressing (NFAT5) or control vector (TR) into the 293T cell line ( n = 3). The relative luciferase activity was determined and normalized to Renilla reference luciferase activity. The data were presented as mean with standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001; ns, no statistical significance.

    Article Snippet: Next, we obtained BV2 cells with stable NFAT5 knockdown by 2 μg/mL puromycin (MCE, USA) treatment.

    Techniques: Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Luciferase, Reporter Assay, Activity Assay, Cotransfection, Control, Standard Deviation

    The schematic of microglial NFAT5 aggravating neuroinflammation and neuronal injury via mediating NLRP6 inflammasome following ischemic stroke.

    Journal: Genes & Diseases

    Article Title: Microglial NFAT5 aggravates neuroinflammation via mediating NLRP6 inflammasome in experimental ischemic stroke

    doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101614

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The schematic of microglial NFAT5 aggravating neuroinflammation and neuronal injury via mediating NLRP6 inflammasome following ischemic stroke.

    Article Snippet: Next, we obtained BV2 cells with stable NFAT5 knockdown by 2 μg/mL puromycin (MCE, USA) treatment.

    Techniques: